This intuitive belief is sometimes referred to as the representativeness heuristic.
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The representativeness heuristic is a special case of availability.
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The " Linda Problem " illustrates the representativeness heuristic ( Tversky & Kahneman, 1983 ).
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These judgments are considered based on two cognitive devices : the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic.
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This association-based thinking is a vivid example of the general human application of the representativeness heuristic.
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The authors found that the use of the representativeness heuristic as a strategy begins early on and is consistent.
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There is evidence that even children use the representativeness heuristic, commit the conjunction fallacy, and disregard base rates.
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Evidence that the representativeness heuristic may cause the disjunction fallacy comes from Bar-Hillel and Neter ( 1993 ).
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Finally, as students get older, they used the representativeness heuristic on stereotyped problems, and so made judgments consistent with stereotypes.
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Fischbein and Schnarch therefore theorized that an individual's tendency to rely on the representativeness heuristic and other cognitive biases can be overcome with age.
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